Obesity-driven metabolic reprogramming and immune dysfunction in renal cancer

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Obesity significantly influences the renal tumor microenvironment in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) through metabolic and inflammatory changes.
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Adipose tissue expansion in obesity produces factors that promote tumor growth and immunosuppression, including increased leptin and IL-6.
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Obesity reshapes the immune environment in RCC, leading to T cell exhaustion and an increase in regulatory T cells, reinforcing immunosuppression.
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The obesity paradox suggests that obesity may correlate with improved treatment outcomes in RCC, complicating the understanding of its effects.
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Research priorities include developing obesity-relevant preclinical models and identifying biomarkers for visceral adiposity and systemic inflammation.

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