Longitudinal trajectories of hematological indices and serum metalloproteinases-2 and 9 over 1 year after moderate and severe COVID-19

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A longitudinal study assessed blood biomarkers in adults with moderate to severe COVID-19 over one year post-infection.
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Severe COVID-19 cases exhibited persistent immune dysregulation and systemic inflammation, with elevated MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels.
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Hematological parameters, including inflammatory indices, were altered in severe cases, while renal and hepatic functions remained stable.
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The study highlights a persistent inflammatory and matrix-remodeling signature in severe COVID-19 patients up to one year post-illness.
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Findings suggest potential for biomarker panels to inform future studies on post-acute risk stratification and targeted interventions.

Frontiers In Medicine

by Rebecca Salomão, Gabriel Pasquarelli-do-Nascimento, Mayara Ananias, Victoria Assis, Leandro Gomes de Jesus Ferreira, Isabella da Silva Almeida, Leandra Silva, Katiane Tostes, Bruna Pereira Sorroche, Lidia Maria Rebolho Batista Arantes, Kelly Grace Magalhães, Liliana Torcoroma García, Rochelle Rocha Costa, João Luiz Quagliotti Durigan, Rita de Cássia Marqueti
June 12, 2026

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