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1
Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is characterized by immune-mediated attacks on neuronal antigens, leading to diverse clinical manifestations.
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2
Recent advances in multi-omics technologies are enhancing the understanding of AE's immunopathophysiology and potential biomarkers.
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3
The immunopathogenesis of AE involves autoreactive B cells, T follicular helper cells, and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells contributing to neuronal injury.
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4
Standardized diagnostic criteria have improved recognition of AE, but a significant number of patients remain seronegative, complicating diagnosis.
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5
Novel imaging and fluid biomarkers are emerging as valuable tools for monitoring AE, but require further validation for clinical integration.
