Coexpression of GITRL confers resistance to Treg cell-mediated immunosuppression to anti-CD19 CAR-NK cells

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Coexpression of GITR ligand in anti-CD19 CAR-NK cells enhances their resistance to immunosuppression by regulatory T cells.
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CAR19-GITRL-NK-92 cells showed superior expansion, metabolic fitness, and cytotoxicity against CD19⁺ targets in vitro.
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RNA sequencing revealed significant gene expression changes in CAR19-GITRL-NK-92 cells linked to immune activation and cytotoxicity.
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In vivo studies demonstrated that CAR19-GITRL-NK-92 cells achieved better tumor control and longer overall survival compared to controls.
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GITRL expression in primary NK cells improved their cytotoxicity and mitigated inhibition from induced Treg cells.

Frontiers In Immunology

by Dayane Schmidt, Sima Ebrahimabadi, Mariane Cariati Tirapelle, Camilly Melo Ferreira, Matheus Henrique dos Santos, Alison Felipe Biggi, Mara Elisama da Silva Januário, Rodrigo Tocantins Calado, Virginia Picanço-Castro
July 7, 2026

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