Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: efficacy, safety, and biomarkers - a systematic review - Takeaways - MDSpire

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: efficacy, safety, and biomarkers - a systematic review

  • By

  • Hebatalla Ismail

  • Anees Hassan

  • May 20, 2026

  • 0 min

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  • 1

    Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) enhance progression-free survival and overall survival across various cancer types.

  • 2

    ICIs are associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs) affecting multiple organ systems, requiring careful management.

  • 3

    Biomarkers like PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden (TMB) predict ICI response but not irAE risk.

  • 4

    Combination strategies involving ICIs show improved efficacy but increase the risk of toxicity compared to monotherapy.

  • 5

    Future research should focus on optimizing patient selection, toxicity management, and identifying new predictive biomarkers.

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