Augmented reality-assisted cholangioscopy for biliary interventions: initial clinical experience in four cases

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This study evaluated the feasibility of using the Apple Vision Pro headset for cholangioscopy during biliary interventions.
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Four consecutive biliary interventions were performed using the headset as the primary visualization method.
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The headset allowed real-time display of cholangioscopic images, enhancing procedural workflow and ergonomics.
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Video sources were transmitted to the headset via a high-bandwidth wireless router and video encoders.
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The study was conducted at a single academic interventional radiology practice with IRB approval and patient consent.

Surgical Endoscopy

by Saad Abu Zahra, Ahsun Riaz, Ashima Kundu, Robert J. Lewandowski, Andrew C. Gordon
July 9, 2026

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