Thyroid Disorder Incidence Among Coastal and Inland Populations: A Systematic Review

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Thyroid disorders significantly impact maternal and child health, influenced by environmental settings and iodine availability.
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Coastal populations exhibit higher prevalence of thyroid cancer and nodules, while inland areas show more cases of goiter and hypothyroidism.
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Iodine status, seafood consumption, environmental pollutants, and healthcare access affect the occurrence of thyroid diseases.
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Female gender and older age are associated with a greater burden of thyroid disease in both coastal and inland populations.
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Geographical location is a key determinant of thyroid disorder distribution, necessitating regular monitoring and proactive iodine supplementation.

Frontiers In Endocrinology

by Samyuktha Thakadiyil Harikrishnan, Amina Azeez, Sneha Reji, Daya Mani Jacob, Mustafa Sarmad Al Hamdani, Sondous Eksheir, Latifa Nabeel Alsaad, Jayakumary Muttappallymyalil, Satish Chandrasekhar Nair, Jayadevan Sreedharan
July 21, 2026

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