Can Shorter TB Prevention Regimens Work?

Randomized study evaluates efficacy, safety, and completion in high-risk patients

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A modified 3-month rifapentine plus isoniazid regimen was found noninferior to the standard 9-month isoniazid regimen for TB prevention.
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The study involved 536 patients with high-risk rheumatic diseases and latent TB infection receiving immunosuppressive therapy.
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Cumulative TB rates were 0% in the 3HP-PUMCH group compared to 1.2% in the 9H group, indicating effective prevention.
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Adverse drug reactions were lower in the 3HP-PUMCH group (9.6%) compared to the 9H group (15%), with significant differences in hepatotoxicity.
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The findings suggest that short-course TB preventive treatment may reduce treatment burden and toxicity, warranting further large-scale trials.

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