Association between circadian rhythm disruption and the risk of malignancy in patients with thyroid nodules: a propensity score-matched study

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Cumulative circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) is linked to an increased risk of malignancy in thyroid nodule patients.
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A strong, dose-dependent relationship exists between CRD severity and the likelihood of thyroid cancer.
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High CRD is associated with aggressive clinicopathological features, including multifocality and lymph node metastasis.
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The study utilized a novel cumulative circadian rhythm disruption index (cCRDI) to assess the impact of lifestyle factors.
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Assessing circadian health may provide a modifiable factor for risk stratification in thyroid nodule management.

Frontiers In Endocrinology

by Pengfei Gu, Beibei Zhang, Ziliang Ding, Yukun Wei, Yahui Sun, Pengzhao Song, Weiwei Zou, Yong Han, Fengli Guo
May 12, 2026

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