Gray matter volume alterations in adolescents with ADHD are associated with cell type-specific transcriptional signatures

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This study integrated neuroimaging and transcriptomic data to explore gray matter volume alterations in adolescents with ADHD.
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Voxel-based morphometry revealed increased GMV in the bilateral precuneus and decreased GMV in specific occipital and frontal regions in ADHD.
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Gene expression analysis showed that positively correlated genes were enriched in microglia, while negatively correlated genes were found in excitatory and inhibitory neurons.
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Functional enrichment analysis indicated that positively correlated genes were involved in fundamental cellular processes, while negatively correlated genes related to synaptic organization.
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Random Forest machine learning achieved an accuracy of 0.871 in distinguishing between adolescents with ADHD and typically developing controls.

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