Efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions for cognitive impairment in patients with traumatic brain injury: a network meta-analysis

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This study evaluated non-pharmacological interventions for cognitive dysfunction in traumatic brain injury patients using a network meta-analysis.
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Nine randomized controlled trials involving 528 participants and eight interventions were included in the analysis.
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Music therapy showed potential benefits for improving Mini-Mental State Examination scores in TBI patients.
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Comprehensive nursing intervention demonstrated possible advantages in Montreal Cognitive Assessment outcomes.
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Overall evidence certainty was low or very low, highlighting significant research gaps and the need for further high-quality trials.

Frontiers In Neurology

by Huixian Li, Jialin Li, Ziling Weng, Luming Gao, Canyi Xu, Changying Zhang, Yinuo Wu, Chundi Wen, Keming Xie, Tong Liu
June 29, 2026

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