The applications of TMS in brain function assessment and treatment of mental disorders: a narrative review

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The FDA approved repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in 2008 for treating depression, marking a significant advancement in mental health therapies.
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TMS is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique used to treat various mental disorders and assess brain functions through stimulation of targeted brain regions.
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The review summarizes TMS's therapeutic effects on disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, ADHD, and autism spectrum disorder.
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TMS mechanisms involve neurotransmitter expression, neuroinflammation, neurotrophic factor production, and processes related to brain plasticity and apoptosis.
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Emerging applications of TMS include its combination with neuroimaging techniques to evaluate brain function and optimize treatment efficacy in mental disorders.

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