Smoldering Waldenström macroglobulinemia coexisting with myelodysplastic syndrome: a rare case report and literature review

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Smoldering Waldenström macroglobulinemia (SWM) is asymptomatic and has a risk of progression to symptomatic Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM).
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Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) features dysplastic changes in bone marrow and blood cells, leading to cytopenias such as anemia and an increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
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The coexistence of SWM and MDS is extremely rare, with this case involving a 74-year-old woman diagnosed with both conditions after persistent cytopenias during treatment.
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The patient achieved MDS remission after azacitidine treatment but rapidly progressed to AML due to the emergence of an FLT3-ITD mutation.
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Persistent cytopenias during ibrutinib therapy were attributed to MDS progression, highlighting the need for re-evaluation in similar cases.

Frontiers In Oncology

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