Epstein–Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumor of the lung in a child: a case report and literature review

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Pulmonary Epstein–Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumor (EBV-SMT) is rare in children, particularly those with congenital immunodeficiency.
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A 10-year-old boy with a three-year history of cough and fever was diagnosed with EBV-SMT after extensive immunological evaluation.
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Histopathological examination confirmed EBV-SMT through spindle cell proliferation and positivity for smooth muscle actin and EBER.
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Management included bronchoscopic interventions and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, but tumor recurrence remains a challenge.
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Early diagnosis of EBV-SMT is crucial in pediatric patients with unexplained pulmonary nodules and underlying immune dysfunction.

Frontiers In Medicine

by Xuelian Chang, Qian Li, Changxiao Li, Shuaishuai Liu, Yuexia Bai, Zhongxiao Zhang, Jing Ma
May 1, 2026

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