Comprehensive analysis of the TGF-β signaling pathway: molecular mechanisms, disease drivers, and frontiers in clinical translation - Takeaways - MDSpire

Comprehensive analysis of the TGF-β signaling pathway: molecular mechanisms, disease drivers, and frontiers in clinical translation

  • By

  • Yiting Zhang

  • Haixia Tang

  • Ze Zhou

  • Jiabao Liao

  • Xiaoyu Zhou

  • Xin Chu

  • Mengqiu Shao

  • Caiyan Zhang

  • Lijuan Jiang

  • June 4, 2026

  • 0 min

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  • 1

    TGF-β is a complex cytokine that regulates immune cell differentiation and functions through both Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways.

  • 2

    Under normal conditions, TGF-β maintains immune tolerance and regulates T-cell fate, while aberrant signaling can lead to fibrosis and tumor immune evasion.

  • 3

    Recent technologies like single-cell omics have enhanced understanding of TGF-β signaling dynamics across different cell types and microenvironments.

  • 4

    Therapeutic strategies targeting TGF-β show promise in treating diseases like fibrosis and tumors but face challenges such as toxicity and disease stage dependence.

  • 5

    The article proposes future directions for TGF-β research, emphasizing patient stratification, precise nanodelivery, and combination therapies for better clinical outcomes.

Original Source(s)

Comprehensive analysis of the TGF-β signaling pathway: molecular mechanisms, disease drivers, and frontiers in clinical translation

  • by Yiting Zhang, Haixia Tang, Ze Zhou, Jiabao Liao, Xiaoyu Zhou, Xin Chu, Mengqiu Shao, Caiyan Zhang, Lijuan Jiang

  • June 4, 2026

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