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1
This repeated cross-sectional study analyzed nationally representative data from 3,078 Zambian infants aged 0 to 5 months across 3 Zambia Demographic and Health Surveys.
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2
Exclusive breastfeeding prevalence declined from 72.4% in 2013 to 2014 to 65.5% in 2024, an absolute decrease of 6.9 percentage points (95% CI, −11.6 to −2.3; P for trend = .004).
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3
After Bonferroni correction, significant declines occurred among mothers aged 20 to 29 years, residents of Southern Province, and women who delivered at home.
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4
Other subgroup declines with nominal P values below .05 did not remain statistically significant after correction for 33 exploratory comparisons.
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5
The authors noted that 24-hour recall may overestimate continuous exclusive breastfeeding and that 3 survey cycles limit assessment of annual trends.
