Oxidized lipids as molecular biomarkers in carotid in-stent restenosis: mechanisms and clinical implications

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Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is an effective treatment for carotid artery stenosis but has a 10–30% risk of in-stent restenosis (ISR) within the first year.
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Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation are key mechanisms driving neointimal hyperplasia and vascular remodeling in ISR following stent implantation.
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Specific oxidized lipid species, such as oxidized phospholipids and oxidized low-density lipoprotein, are associated with ISR risk and severity.
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Understanding the role of oxidized lipids offers potential for improved risk stratification and targeted therapeutic interventions in ISR.
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Future research should focus on validating oxidized lipid biomarkers and developing strategies to target oxidized lipid pathways to prevent ISR.

Frontiers In Neurology

by Qiao Chen, Haifeng Shao, Zhaohui He, Ping Ni, Nengwei Yu, Binghu Li, Suping Li
May 4, 2026

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