Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy vs. open surgical ligation for incompetent perforator veins: a retrospective cohort study

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Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) showed shorter operative times and less intraoperative blood loss compared to open surgical ligation for incompetent perforator veins.
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At 12 months, the vein-level occlusion rate was significantly higher in the open surgery group than in the UGFS group, despite immediate occlusion rates being equal.
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The total complication rate was lower in the UGFS group, although the difference compared to the open surgery group did not reach statistical significance.
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Independent risk factors for recanalization after UGFS included perforator vein diameter greater than 4.5 mm and body mass index over 27.2 kg/m2.
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UGFS is a viable minimally invasive alternative for treating incompetent perforator veins, with treatment strategies needing to be individualized based on patient characteristics.

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