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1
Human-centred intensive care requires competencies in empathy, communication, ethical judgment, emotional self-regulation, teamwork, and patient and family engagement alongside clinical expertise.
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2
Competency-based education makes communication, teamwork, leadership, and professionalism observable, assessable elements of expected professional practice.
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3
Simulation and interprofessional education provide opportunities to practise communication, ethical reasoning, teamwork, and collaborative patient- and family-centred decisions.
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4
Digital learning tools can provide flexible access, personalised feedback, and repeated practice to support competency development and maintenance.
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5
Longitudinal assessment can combine workplace observation, multisource feedback, reflective portfolios, patient and family reports, and simulation, while supportive organisational cultures reinforce l
