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1
Transcranial low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a non-invasive modality with high spatial precision and substantial tissue penetrability.
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2
LIPUS primarily acts through mechanical bioeffects, modulating mechanosensitive ion channels and intracellular calcium signaling.
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3
Therapeutic applications of LIPUS include potential benefits in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, ischemic stroke, and major depressive disorder.
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4
LIPUS has been associated with neuroprotection, enhanced synaptic plasticity, and suppression of neuroinflammation.
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5
Major barriers to clinical translation of LIPUS include variability in stimulation parameters and insufficient large-scale clinical validation.