Lipopolysaccharide and HMGB1: key regulatory factors in the pathophysiology of sepsis a mechanistic and therapeutic review - Takeaways - MDSpire

Lipopolysaccharide and HMGB1: key regulatory factors in the pathophysiology of sepsis a mechanistic and therapeutic review

  • By

  • ZiAng Wang

  • ZhengGang Luan

  • June 26, 2026

  • 0 min

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  • 1

    Sepsis is a severe clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality, primarily triggered by Gram-negative bacterial infections.

  • 2

    Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potent pro-inflammatory toxin that initiates inflammatory cascades through TLR4 and cytosolic caspases.

  • 3

    HMGB1 forms complexes with LPS, facilitating its internalization and activation of caspase-11, which amplifies inflammation.

  • 4

    Caspase-11 activation leads to pyroptosis and coagulopathy, contributing to multi-organ failure in sepsis.

  • 5

    Current evidence suggests that the LPS-HMGB1-caspase-11/4/5 axis is a critical mechanism of inflammatory amplification in sepsis.

Original Source(s)

Lipopolysaccharide and HMGB1: key regulatory factors in the pathophysiology of sepsis a mechanistic and therapeutic review

  • by ZiAng Wang, ZhengGang Luan

  • June 26, 2026

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