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1
The meta-analysis included 14 studies with 5,127 chronic heart failure patients, revealing a cognitive frailty prevalence of 39.3%.
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2
Age, NYHA classification, comorbidity burden, polypharmacy, malnutrition, and depression were identified as significant risk factors for cognitive impairment.
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3
Protective factors against cognitive impairment included higher educational attainment, physical exercise ≥ 3 times per week, and regular intellectual activities.
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4
Cognitive frailty is associated with increased mortality and readmission rates in chronic heart failure patients.
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5
The study emphasizes the need for routine cognitive function screening and targeted interventions in chronic heart failure populations.
