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1
Menopausal women experience functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) linked to hormonal fluctuations, affecting up to 40% of this population.
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2
Sex hormones, particularly estrogen and progesterone, directly and indirectly influence gastrointestinal function through various regulatory mechanisms.
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3
Hormonal changes during menopause can exacerbate symptoms of FGIDs, with menopausal women being 2.9 times more likely to report abnormal GI symptoms.
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4
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) shows mixed effects on GI function, with some studies indicating increased risk of gastroparesis.
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5
Alterations in gut microbiota may mediate the interactions between sex hormones and the gut-brain axis, influencing FGIDs in menopausal women.
