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1
Epidural electrical stimulation (EES) enhances spinal motor network excitability and aids in lower extremity motor function recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI).
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2
EES, when combined with task-specific training, has shown improvements in standing, stepping, walking, and spasticity control in SCI patients.
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3
The therapeutic benefits of EES are influenced by factors such as injury level, spared pathways, stimulation parameters, and rehabilitation intensity.
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4
Current evidence on EES is limited by small sample sizes and heterogeneity, necessitating further multicenter randomized controlled trials.
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5
EES aims to restore function by placing spinal sensorimotor networks into an excitable state, enhancing the effectiveness of residual descending input.
