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1
The study analyzed clinical data from 454 invasive breast cancer patients to predict axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM).
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2
A nomogram was developed using clinicopathological, ultrasound, and serological indicators to enhance ALNM prediction accuracy.
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3
Independent risk factors for ALNM included tumor size, circumscribe margin, ultrasonic lymph node status, WBC, ER, and BI-RADS.
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4
The nomogram showed modest predictive performance with AUCs of 0.741 in the training group and 0.705 in the validation group.
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5
The model supports preoperative risk stratification but cannot replace standard axillary staging procedures like sentinel lymph node biopsy.
