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1
Sarcopenia, a syndrome of progressive skeletal muscle loss, affects 12% to 49% of breast cancer patients in perioperative and neoadjuvant settings.
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2
Low muscle mass is associated with poorer overall and disease-free survival, increased chemotherapy toxicity, and higher postoperative morbidity.
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3
Sarcopenia is potentially modifiable through multimodal interventions like resistance training, protein optimization, and nutritional support.
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4
Emerging pharmacological strategies targeting GDF-15–GFRAL and myostatin axes show promise for treating cancer cachexia.
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5
Standardized assessment and prospective trials are needed to enhance muscle health as a therapeutic target in breast cancer.
