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1
Chronic inflammation drives colorectal cancer initiation and progression, with cytokines and chemokines playing crucial roles in tumor microenvironment dynamics.
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2
Inflammatory mediators like CCL2, TNF-α, and IL-6 promote tumor growth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance through various signaling pathways.
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3
Chemokines regulate immune cell recruitment and stromal remodeling, influencing tumor-immune interactions and overall disease outcomes.
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4
Cytokines exhibit dual roles, acting as tumor suppressors in early stages but promoting immune evasion and metastasis in advanced disease.
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5
Understanding cytokine and chemokine networks may enhance precision therapy and improve clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer.
