The NLRP3 inflammasome in gynecological cancers: a double-edged sword shaping the immune microenvironment and immunotherapy response

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The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a dual role in gynecological cancers, influencing both immune suppression and responses to immunotherapy.
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In ovarian cancer, NLRP3 promotes immune suppression while enhancing cisplatin sensitivity through pyroptotic signaling.
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Endometrial cancer shows a context-dependent role of NLRP3, with pro-immune effects in MSI-H tumors and potentially pro-tumorigenic effects in microsatellite-stable subtypes.
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Cervical cancer utilizes HPV oncoproteins to silence NLRP3, evading immune surveillance through multiple mechanisms.
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The PD-L1/NLRP3 axis contributes to resistance against anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, highlighting the need for novel immunomodulatory strategies.

Frontiers In Immunology

by Yibo He, Shiyue Wu, Zian Shou, Qian Guo, Yaonan Hong, Lianfang Zhao, Jie Wang
June 24, 2026

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