Development and validation of a predictive nomogram for leptomeningeal metastasis risk in NSCLC brain metastases: role of tumor location, driver mutations, and stereotactic radiosurgery

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Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a severe complication of advanced malignancies, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with poor prognosis.
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Approximately 30–64% of NSCLC patients develop central nervous system metastases, with 4–7% subsequently developing LM.
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Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutations increase LM risk in NSCLC patients.
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Surgical resection of brain metastases may elevate the risk of LM, but this risk can be mitigated through pre-operative irradiation.
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The study aims to develop a predictive nomogram to assist in identifying NSCLC patients at risk for LM following brain metastasis.

Journal Of Neuro-Oncology

by Shoaib Bashir, Song Jian, Weiping Hong, Hui Wang, Mingyao Lai, Hanbo Lin, Qianwen Liang, Meng Xu, Linbo Cai
September 18, 2025

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