Investigating CD163+ Perivascular Macrophages in Schizophrenia: A Framework for Exploring Macrophage-Related Mechanisms

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Elevated densities of CD163+ perivascular macrophages have been found in schizophrenia post-mortem brain tissue.
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The biological significance and developmental lineage of CD163+ macrophages in schizophrenia remain unclear.
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A structured research framework is proposed to investigate macrophage-related mechanisms in schizophrenia.
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The framework includes defining CD163+ cell localization and comparing macrophage activation states across groups.
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HSV-1 is evaluated as a proof-of-concept for testing intracellular pathogen responses, not as an exclusive cause.

Frontiers In Psychiatry

by Hans C. Klein, Paul C. Guest, Michael E. Benros, Chavit Tunvirachaisakul, Christian Scheiber, Michael Maes, Robert Yolken, Karl Bechter, Johann Steiner
July 17, 2026

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