Vaccines as treatment for melanoma: an update review

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Therapeutic vaccines aim to prime the immune system against melanoma, potentially eradicating recurrent disease or delaying progression.
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Sixteen distinct vaccine methodologies have been evaluated in randomized phase III clinical trials for melanoma.
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Talimogene laherparevec (T-VEC) is the only FDA-approved vaccine for melanoma treatment, demonstrating acceptable safety but limited clinical efficacy.
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Vaccines may enhance therapeutic potential when combined with other immunomodulatory agents that target tumor resistance mechanisms.
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Melanoma vaccines are designed to induce a targeted T-cell response, contributing to the prevention of cancer recurrence.

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