The immunopathological spectrum of COVID-19: from cytokine storm to autoimmunity—a systematic review - Takeaways - MDSpire

The immunopathological spectrum of COVID-19: from cytokine storm to autoimmunity—a systematic review

  • By

  • Harika Öykü Dinç

  • Suat Saribaş

  • Bekir Kocazeybek

  • June 10, 2026

  • 0 min

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  • 1

    This systematic review evaluates immunopathological mechanisms in COVID-19, focusing on cytokine storms and autoimmune responses.

  • 2

    Endothelial dysfunction and cytokine dysregulation are the most frequently reported mechanisms in COVID-19 immunopathogenesis.

  • 3

    Elevated proinflammatory cytokines and lymphopenia are associated with increased disease severity and mortality in COVID-19.

  • 4

    Persistent immunological alterations and autoantibody production were observed in some patients during the post-COVID period.

  • 5

    The findings highlight the need for targeted immunomodulatory strategies and a comprehensive framework for future research.

Original Source(s)

The immunopathological spectrum of COVID-19: from cytokine storm to autoimmunity—a systematic review

  • by Harika Öykü Dinç, Suat Saribaş, Bekir Kocazeybek

  • June 10, 2026

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