Tumor antigen-associated autoantibodies: generation mechanisms, roles in tumorigenesis and progression, and clinical application prospects

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Tumor antigen-associated autoantibodies (TAAbs) are generated in response to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and play a dual role in tumor development.
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TAAbs can serve as stable biomarkers for early cancer detection, prognostic evaluation, and therapeutic efficacy assessment.
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The mechanisms of TAAbs production include protein overexpression, abnormal protein expression, and structural alterations of proteins.
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Deficiencies in immune tolerance and the presence of tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes contribute to the generation of TAAbs.
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Current research highlights the potential clinical applications of TAAbs, though significant obstacles remain for their implementation.

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