Classification, cancer-causing mechanisms, and cutting-edge molecular diagnostics of Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal cancer: bridging research and clinical application

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Fusobacterium nucleatum is linked to colorectal cancer through mechanisms like oncogenic signaling activation and immune microenvironment modulation.
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Technological advancements have improved Fn detection, transitioning from culture-based methods to high-resolution techniques like quantitative PCR and NGS.
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Fn subspecies differentiation is crucial for understanding its role in CRC, with F. animalis associated with adverse clinical outcomes.
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Current challenges in clinical translation of Fn diagnostics include subspecies heterogeneity and non-standardized diagnostic platforms.
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Future research should focus on establishing a causal relationship between Fn and CRC, optimizing noninvasive detection, and developing targeted therapies.

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