The linear association between vitamin B12 and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study

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The study examined the association between serum vitamin B12 levels and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
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A total of 413 adults with T2DM were included, with DR diagnosed by board-certified ophthalmologists during the analysis period from Dec 2017 to Nov 2018.
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Each 100 μmol/L increase in vitamin B12 was significantly associated with a higher risk of DR, with an odds ratio of 1.49 (95% CI: 1.12–1.99, p = 0.0067).
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Participants in the highest tertile of vitamin B12 (≥398 μmol/L) showed a substantially elevated risk of DR compared to those in the lowest tertile (OR = 11.83, p = 0.0103).
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The study found a linear positive association between serum vitamin B12 levels and DR prevalence, but causality could not be established.

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