4,4′-DMAR in-vivo acute cardiotoxicity: differences between (±)cis-4,4′-DMAR and its coadministration with the (±)trans-4,4′-DMAR isomer - Takeaways - MDSpire
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Acute Cardiotoxic Effects of 4,4′-DMAR in Vivo: Comparative Analysis of (±)cis-4,4′-DMAR and Its Co-Administration with (±)trans-4,4′-DMAR Isomer

  • By

  • Giorgia Corli

  • Elisa Roda

  • Beatrice Marchetti

  • Micaela Tirri

  • Sabrine Bilel

  • Marta Bassi

  • Beatrice Benedetti

  • Elena Cavarretta

  • Giacomo Frati

  • Fabrizio De Luca

  • Carlo Alessandro Locatelli

  • Fabio De-Giorgio

  • Matteo Marti

  • June 16, 2026

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  • 1

    4,4′-DMAR is a synthetic stimulant with two stereoisomers, (±)cis-4,4′-DMAR and (±)trans-4,4′-DMAR, exhibiting distinct pharmacological effects.

  • 2

    Administration of (±)cis-4,4′-DMAR at 10 mg/kg and its coadministration with (±)trans-4,4′-DMAR resulted in severe cardiorespiratory toxicity in mice.

  • 3

    Tachycardia, narrow-QRS arrhythmias, and respiratory impairments were observed following treatment, indicating significant cardiovascular risks.

  • 4

    Immunohistochemical analysis revealed inflammation and oxidative stress markers in heart tissues, suggesting structural damage from 4,4′-DMAR.

  • 5

    The study highlights the dangers of 4,4′-DMAR intoxication, emphasizing the importance of dosage and stereoisomer interactions in toxicity.

Original Source(s)

4,4′-DMAR in-vivo acute cardiotoxicity: differences between (±)cis-4,4′-DMAR and its coadministration with the (±)trans-4,4′-DMAR isomer

  • by Giorgia Corli, Elisa Roda, Beatrice Marchetti, Micaela Tirri, Sabrine Bilel, Marta Bassi, Beatrice Benedetti, Elena Cavarretta, Giacomo Frati, Fabrizio De Luca, Carlo Alessandro Locatelli, Fabio De-Giorgio, Matteo Marti

  • June 16, 2026

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