Mechanistic insights into how gut homeostasis and immune-system crosstalk shape ankylosing spondylitis

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Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the axial skeleton and entheseal structures.
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Gut dysbiosis in AS is characterized by reduced microbial diversity and compositional changes, potentially influencing disease pathogenesis.
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The IL-23/IL-17 signaling pathway is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of AS, linking gut microbiota alterations to immune responses.
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Microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, play a role in regulating epithelial integrity and immune homeostasis in AS.
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Current evidence suggests that gut-directed interventions may complement immune-targeted therapies for AS, though further validation is needed.

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