Ethical considerations and management strategies for fertility preservation in women of reproductive age with malignant tumors: Chinese practices and perspectives

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Approximately 2 million women of childbearing age are diagnosed with malignant tumors annually, risking fertility loss due to treatment.
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Fertility preservation techniques include oocyte freezing, embryo freezing, ovarian tissue freezing, and in vitro maturation, each with varying effectiveness.
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Ethical challenges in fertility preservation involve decision-making autonomy, rights to frozen gametes, and long-term health follow-up for offspring.
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Patients experience significant anxiety and depression, necessitating specialized counseling and psychological support during decision-making.
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Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential for optimizing treatment timing and balancing tumor control with fertility protection.

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