Perioperative efficacy and safety of short-course radiotherapy combined with immunochemotherapy in proficient mismatch repair rectal cancer

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Immunotherapy shows promise for treating microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancer but is less effective in proficient mismatch repair rectal cancer.
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Radiotherapy can enhance the tumor immune microenvironment, potentially making proficient mismatch repair rectal cancer more responsive to immunotherapy.
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Recent studies indicate that combining neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with immunotherapy improves pathological complete response rates in proficient mismatch repair rectal cancer.
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The study aims to compare the perioperative efficacy and safety of short-course radiotherapy combined with immunochemotherapy against conventional neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
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Radical surgery for rectal cancer was performed post-neoadjuvant therapy, with evaluations based on imaging and pathology to assess treatment efficacy.

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