Ongoing Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Disparities in Medical Faculty Promotion and Retention

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Promotion disparities between White and Black faculty narrowed in the post-2000 cohort, and Black associate professors were as likely as White peers to advance to professor.
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Black and Hispanic faculty remained less likely than White faculty to reach associate professor, and women remained less likely than men to advance at each promotion stage.
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Women associate professors were less likely than men to become professors in both cohorts, with no reduction in the disparity over time.
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Faculty attrition was greater among women and all racial and ethnic groups other than White faculty; it increased over time among Asian and Hispanic faculty.
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The article describes barriers including racism, sexism, reduced access to mentors and sponsors, lower promotion likelihood despite comparable scholarly output, the minority tax, and an unwelcoming cl

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