Indicators of Therapeutic Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Transitioning from Traditional Markers to Tissue Immunophenotyping

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a heterogeneous immune-mediated disease with significant variability in therapeutic response.
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Current biomarkers for RA treatment selection are inadequate, leading to many patients experiencing prolonged inflammation and joint damage.
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Recent advances in molecular technologies have enhanced the characterization of RA's cellular and molecular architecture.
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The review integrates conventional and emerging biomarkers within a tissue-immunophenotype-centered framework for RA.
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Future precision medicine in RA will require integrated biomarker panels that combine clinical, pharmacological, and tissue data.

Frontiers In Immunology

by N.A. Batashkov, E.V. Gerasimova, D.A. Gerasimova, D.V. Svetlichnyy, E.S. Petryakina, D.I. Tychinin, S.M. Yudin, V.S. Yudin, A.A. Keskinov, V.P. Bogdanov, E.G. Zotkin, A.M. Lila, D.V. Tabakov, M. Woroncow, V.I. Skvortsova, P.Yu Volchkov
July 17, 2026

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